*Updated January 2023*
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Marlow has had two Crown inns. When modern residents refer to The Crown, they mean the one in the Market Square, which was historically known as The Upper Crown then the Crown Hotel, to distinguish it from the Lower Crown in the High Street. The Lower Crown's original name was the Crown and Broad Arrow but this is largely forgotten now. Both were very old.
You may see references to the Upper Crown as the inn exclusively known as the Crown and Broad Arrow but this is seemingly incorrect. Contemporary sources spelling out the full name of the Lower Crown just as often refer to it as the "Lower Crown and Broad Arrow." (For example see Reading Mercury 19 June 1786.) The Crown and Broad Arrow can be found separately listed to the Upper Crown in lists of inns at the same time, (E.g The Reading Mercury 08 July 1771) and information about the contents sale of Alfred House/Cromwell House in 1756 describe this property as being nearly opposite the Crown and Broad Arrow which makes it opposite the Lower Crown. It's usually described as in the High Street rather than the Market place which is the location of the Upper Crown. Lastly proprietors later listed as in charge of the Lower Crown can be found earlier listed at the Crown and Broad Arrow. So while the Upper Crown/Crown Hotel may also have been known in full as the Crown and Broad Arrow, it was not the only one. We have done our best to attach the right early innkeeper to the correct premises.
The original Upper Crown building was replaced but it was trading from the 1590's at least. It was later known as the Crown Hotel and used some of the neighbouring town hall building, before taking it over entirely. It's former core location is however where Boots the chemist is now. For more on the history of the two see the post on the Crown Inns Here
Remember also Marlow has had pubs or beer houses called the Crown and Anchor, Rose and Crown (also at Little Marlow, very frequently shortened to The Crown) and the Crown and Cushion.
This post will be updated as new information emerges. All listings are as noted in original sources, including alternative spellings. Where multiple sources list an individuals name, only the first and last mention are listed here unless there is any alteration in how they are recorded, for example an additional occupation is noted. Note that some listings may in fact refer to father's and sons sharing the same given name so be sure to double check this. See notes below for more help finding your ancestors in these listings.
UPDATED OCTOBER 2023
UPPER CROWN / THE CROWN
This building, above, is where the Upper Crown was for much of it's life. It expanded into the Town Hall next door and eventually abandoned it's original site.
Post about the balls/assembly here
(Market Square)
1595 - Premises owned by Richard Mathews / Mathewe.
1596 - Roger Smith, who was also a shoemaker. He bought the premises , which he already occupied. In 1610 he put the business into the hands of trustees for the benefit of his sons John and Valiant.
1617 - Edward Wooden (Wooten) bought it and ran premises. In 1620 premises sold to John Little of Little Marlow.
1636 - Owned by Thomas Drewe, a draper. Leased by Edward Wooden's widow Elizabeth.
1650 - Elizabeth Wooden (Wooten) occupier. Thomas Drewe the owner sells it to brewer Moore. Previous tenants listed then are Mathew Cane and Bonaventure Ward. (A Mathew Cane was at the Angel by 1643) Also in this year the occupiers of the Crown benefit from a 1,000 year grant of right of access through Thomas Drewe's gateway, between two properties, into their "backside" and malthouse. The access is specified as applying to horses and carts carrying hay, straw and wood and their accompanying leaders and drivers. The origin of Crown Lane perhaps?
1712= Samuel Sandys
1717 - Mr Richard Hall. He went bankrupt 1724. "A large inn with close behind" [Area of enclosed land]
1754 - Sylvester Law
1757 - Sylvester Law (moved to the Cross Keys) See his will summary here
1766 - Mr Webb
1767 - John Webb [Likely the John Webb who was Law's brother in law]. Then John Parsons.
1768 - John Parsons. Possibly the same John who acts as a parish constable.
1771 - Trustees of the new Reading to Hatfield Turnpike toll road recommended this Crown and the Lower Crown and Broad Arrow as a place to get a good horses or post chaises en route.
1775 - John Parsons. Leaves to take on The Black Bull coaching inn at Holborn this year. William Faithorn takes over at the end of the year.
1778 - Mr Faithorn. Chaise, horses etc available at short notice.
1780 - Mr Faithorn
1785 - Samuel Chapman
1792- Samuel Chapman, landlord has died. "Landlord of the Upper Crown for many years". See grave below.
1794- Mrs Mary Chapman. Widow of the above. See grave below.
1798 - Mrs Chapman
1803 - there is a good chance that the innholder John Gosling who died this year was the occupier of the Crown as his will was witnessed by men occupying premises immediately by there.
1811 - Mr Davis (Wavis in a second incorrect record!)
1820 - Richard Furnell, died aged 39 of a sudden fit of apoplexy. Wife Dinah. Had been innkeeper since at least 1815, though not necessarily at the Crown. Dinah married secondly Richard Westbrook who took over the Crown. She is mentioned in the 1822 will of Richard Furnell's brother William Furnell which you can read here. William's grave looks like his occupation is "omnibus..." so maybe he also worked out of the Crown.
1823 - Richard Westbrook, as above. He was originally from Cookham. Richard and Dinah moved to the Red Lion Hotel, High Street, High Wycombe. Richard's sister Eliza was a baker in the High Street. See her biography on the blog here. Their brother William Westbrook was a butcher in Market Square near the Crown.
1826 - Mr Westbrook.
1830 - George Westbrook. George is an enthusiastic cricketer. In this year he plays a one wicket match against a gentleman of Beaconsfield. (These sort of matches were all the rage locally around this time and the natives of Beaconsfield were our frequent foe.) George won, scoring 14 runs to Mr Williamson's zero. He also represents Marlow in some early team matches.
1831 - George Westbrook "Family and commercial hotel" (also described as excise office and posting house) 2. Geoffrey Westbrook
1832 - G. Westbrook
1833 - George Westbrook also leasing rooms at Town Hall for a "card room" and associated parlour.
1834 - George Westbrook
1835 - George Westbrook leaves the Crown. James Franklin takes over, selling up his farm Low Grounds to do so. Post Boy : Joseph Davis, cook Sarah Brown, waiter Edward Cook.
1836 - James Franklin. Wife Sarah.
1838 - Mr and Mrs Franklin. The latter is the granddaughter of "Mrs House" who died that year.
1839 - J Franklin "Crown Inn." Ostler - James Lowman. Post boy (actually an adult- ) John Spratley. (James is subsequently coachman to the Atkinsons at the Rookery)
1840 - James Franklin
1847 - James Franklin. James describes himself as innkeeper, hotel keeper, coach proprietor, and livery stable keeper.. He suffers financial difficulty around this time and is declared bankrupt in 1852.
1849 - Samuel Wise
1850 - Richard Westbrook comes back. Also keeps the Lion Inn in High Wycombe still.
1851 - Thomas Furnell. He was the grandson of Richard and Dinah Furnell above. Marries Jane Veary of High Wycombe 1852.
1853 - Thomas Furnell
1854 - Thomas Furnell "Crown Hotel"
1859 - Mr Paine. In 1865 William Paine appears as a sort of expert witness in a court case about buying sub standard wheat. In this he says he was formerly a mealman.
1860 - Mr Payne
1861 - William Paine (age 47)
1862 - William Paine who was threatened with being run down and assaulted by two men when he told them he would not have them ill-treating a horse as they were on his premises. The horse had been exhausted by dangerous driving in the streets outside and was whipped in the yard of the Crown. He withdrew charges against them after they expressed deep apologies and said they had been very drunk at the time. The magistrates still fined them for being drunk and disorderly.
1863 - William Paine. "Crown Hotel"
1865 - William Paine. He was elected as one of the Guardians of the poor that year. Was in the role to at least 1871.
1871 - William Paine.
1872. William Paine died.
1873 - Mrs Paine (widow of above).[Emma Margaret. She died in 1890 aged 70] 2 Samuel Hill [died 1875 age 42, at Oundle, Northants]
1875 - Mrs West [Susan]
1875 - Fire in chimney at Crown causes substantial damage.
1876 - Advertised facilities include the coffee room, billiards, an omnibus to meet every train, close and open carriages for hire, and private "apartments" available for family hire. 3 minutes walk from the river (fairly quick walkers only!!)
1883 - Susan West/Langley. 2. John Langley. Sadly Susan committed suicide in this year, travelling to Bridport Harbour to do so. (She was born in Somerset) She told the landlady of the boarding house she stayed in that she had suffered head pain since a blow to the head occasioned by a fall from a dog cart. She said she wished to have a few days holiday because of this period of ill health and bought with her just a small bag. She had recently remarried to John Langley according to local newspaper reports but gave her name as West (that of her first husband) at her lodgings.
1885 - John Langley died in the garden at the back of the Crown, after falling from a ladder while pruning a wall trained fruit tree. Age 59 or 60 depending on which report you read.
1886 - Lease went up for sale and it includes the town hall, but no immediate takers. At this point the Crown has 18 bedrooms and 3 private sitting rooms on offer.
1887 - Henry Calf. Former station master, bank manager and soldier!
1889 - "a comfortable old fashioned house with a first rate billiard room"
1891 - (Manageress Margaret Hughes)
1892 - Henry Calf - he had converted rooms in the upper story of the adjacent Town Hall into a Billiard Room (former assembly room). The lower part of the town hall still houses the fire engine and stalls on market day. These stalls are now mostly or entirely butchers. Henry dies in November aged over 70 of bronchitis, after long illness.
1893 - On Henry Calf death, Miss Hughes continues to manage premises, now for William Cole. "Every luxury of recreation" offered with lawns and gardens. Mr Cole has come from the Crown Hotel in Devizes and was a former Quartermaster in the Royal Wilts Yeomanry. He begins a reorganisation of the hotel from top to bottom until it's known as a "favourite resort for well to do visitors and commercial travellers". Amongst the projects is the creation of a small room adjoining the bar, created by "setting back the partition in the bar passage by several feet". A large conservatory is added to the rear in 1894, and in the same year the old entrance through the market house beneath the town hall portion was opened up again. In 1895 he also engaged 60 rooms in private homes to accommodate an avalanche of Whitsun visitors! It's described as "World famed as one of the oldest established commercial and visitor's season hotels (both winter and summer), in this part of England." Cole also has a booth offering refreshments during the bigger matches of Marlow F C (from 1893). They play in the Crown Meadow ground behind his premises and rented from him at £15 a year. The team change in "dressing rooms" in the outbuildings there which they also rent from Cole, at £11 7s 6d per year.
1897 - the extent of the tourist trade done at the Crown can be seen by the fact that within 1 week in the summer of this year, a full 1,000 persons on staff outings from big London employers had been catered for there. A similar number were catered for the following week. This does not include other types of visitors and guests.
1899 - William Eades Cole dies in his sleep at the hotel aged 47 leaving a wife and 4 young children. It is said he died of consumption following bronchitis. His widow vows to carry on.
1902 - Mrs Cole ("Julia" Elizabeth nee Feltham). Mrs Cole is declared bankrupt early this year, the proceeding have started in 1901. She lays the blame partially on Marlow carriage builder Charles Drye who she says sold a carriage sent to him for repair, without her permission. Mr Drye denies this and say he had advised Mrs Cole the carriage would be expensive to repair and so had offered to buy it off her for £7, an offer she had accepted. He had then sold it on. However Mrs Cole also admitted during her insolvency hearings that she had been practically insolvent at the time of her husband's death, and that she had not kept proper books (because her husband had never done so) and so had never tried to balance them. 2. Miss Feltham (sister of Mrs Cole) 3. Margaret Douglas Ditchburn
1903 - Miss M.J Feltham - manager I believe earlier. 2. Charles McGlynn/ Glynn
1905 1. Charles McGlynn 2. T Hull
1906 - Mr Hull
1907 - Thomas Halse Hull. He and his wife took on an hotel in Sonning in 1907. They were allowed the licence there on condition that they gave up the Marlow concern. Business transferred to Mrs Ellen Dax. She came from the Catherine Wheel in Henley.
1908 - Mrs Dax
1909 - A W Shearsmith
1910 - Mr A. W Shearsmith transfers to H E Scott
1911 - H E Scott
1914 - tragedy occurs when 16 year old Crown servant Louisa Maud Allen dies after a kitchen accident. Her apron catches fire and she is soon engulfed in flames. The fire is put out promptly by the cook and landlady present but the poor girl has suffered severe burns. She dies at the Marlow Cottage hospital. 1915 -Now also offers a garage with inspection pit, tennis lawn and billiard room. Oliver P Taylor.
1920 - Mrs P Oliver Taylor qv
1939 J O Mason
LOWER CROWN / CROWN AND BROAD ARROW (High Street)
Site of Lower Crown.
In existence from at least 1619.
1679- Thomas Lloyd?
1691 - "The Broad Arrow" late in the tenure of William Hopkins. A William Hopkins had been prosecuted the year before for keeping an unlicensed ale house in Marlow, location uncertain. Now premises owned or leased by Samuel Lynn. Samuel owns several properties in Marlow. He takes out licence this year for the Arrow to be used as a common meeting house, possibly meaning one of several outbuildings to rear although this type of accomodation is usually specified in the meeting house licence.
1751 - John Phillips (and carpenter) Died this year. Wife Mary did the brewing (on the premises, usual practice back then) and selling of the liquor. She then married the below.
1751+ William Dark (e) Will summary here William hosts "cock matches" during the Marlow Races.
1764 - Mary Dark (widow of John Phillips and William Dark both above)
1765 - Widow Dark "Crown and Broad Arrow"
1771 - Crown & Broad Arrow - recommended along with the Upper Crown as a place to get a post chaise and a good horse on the new Reading to Hatfield Turnpike toll road.
1776/7 - Mr Thomas
1788 - starts new post coach service to London, run by Saunders, Smith and Co.
1781 - Nicholas Thomas
1782 - Nicholas Thomas (died this year)
1786 - Robert Dixon "Lower Crown and Broad Arrow" Runs coaching busines - see more about that here
1789 - Robert Dixon
1794 - Robert Dixon sells up. He is apparently "going into business" "Lower Crown" . His stock of wines and spirits, 2 post chaises, 4 post beds for guests and a herd of cows were part of the contents of the pub which was put up to auction when he left. We are told the premises has "numerous bed chambers and fitting rooms for the accommodation of company" as well as a "good" kitchen, bar, larder, pantry, and cellars. Outside there is a large yard, stabling for 30 horses, standing for carriages and various other outbuildings. The Lower Crown also has a "good garden" and a close of land adjoining.
1799 - Mr Patrick.
1808 - William Williams stops his coaching service from here and moves it to the Corporation Arms in High Wycombe.
1831- possibly Thomas Oxlade. He was landlord of "the Crown Great Marlow Parish"when he had to summon the tithingmen men to deal with the unruly behavior of two of his customers who had blown out his candles and then refused to leave when asked to. The term "Great Marlow Parish" of course also encompassed at that time Lane End, Bovingdon Green and other outlying places for certain matters including criminal cases such as this. He was definitely not at the Upper Crown in Market Square.
The Lower Crown inn closed in the 1830s (by 1833).
NOTES FOR FINDING ANCESTORS ON THIS BLOG
Use the A-Z person index on the top drop down menu to find every mention of your ancestor here. Many Marlow landlords changed premises and there can be other family members running other establishments. Some places changed how they described themselves - or how they were viewed- and so licensed premises listings here take in not just beer houses, pubs and inns but common lodging houses and hotels too. We mainly focus on pre WW1 listings but sometimes list later names if it ties in with research we are helping with.
For other pub/hotel related content see the Pub related option on the top drop down menu.
SOURCES -
Multiple property deeds, wills and similar documents cross referenced. (The two Crown's location research is by Charlotte Day)
Dickens Dictionary of the Thames, (Dickens, 1889 edition)
Reading Mercury 8 July 1771*, 17 September 1787, 17 April 1788, 23 October 1833, 17 September 1873, held in British Library Archive and accessed via the BNA
Oxford Journal, 14th August 1756*, 17th December 1765*, 7th March 1767, 9 August 1794, 25th November 1820, 4 August 1849 as above.
South Bucks Standard, 21 Jan 1860, 12 May, 29 December 1893, 13 January & Jul 21 1899, as above.
Berkshire Chronicle 4 February 1826, as above.
Bucks Herald, 21 February 1835, 6 July 1839 and 3 April 1886 as above
Maidenhead Advertiser 21 June 1876. As above.
Nottingham Journal 15 Oct 1883. As above.
Bridport, Beaminister, and Lyme Regis Telegram 19 October 1883, as above
1833 Parish Assessment owned by my family and transcribed by Charlotte.
Census 1851,1861,1871,1881,1891
1853 Mussons and Cravens Commercial Directory
Kellys Post Office Directory, 1869,1877,1883,1899,1903, 1907,1911,1915
Pigots Directory 1823, 1831,1844
Robson's Directory 1839
Will of John Phillips, proved 1751, transcribed by Charlotte Day from National Archives.
1650 Grant of Right of Way, Drewe to Moore. National Archives index.
AGM report, Marlow F C 1893.
The Hotels of Europe - (Henry Herbert & Co, 1876)
©Marlow Ancestors.
